One of the main difficulties people face when learning a language is pronunciation and accent. Many languages have sounds that don't exist in a learner's native language, making it hard to pronounce words correctly. Also, getting the right intonation and stress can be tricky. People often worry about making mistakes in front of native speakers, which can make them nervous. Understanding different accents and dialects adds another layer of complexity.

Grammar and vocabulary are also tough areas for language learners. Many languages have complex grammar rules with numerous exceptions, which can be confusing. Remembering new vocabulary and using it correctly is another challenge. Learners often mix up similar words or false cognates, leading to misunderstandings. Constructing sentences correctly can be difficult, especially when trying to apply grammar rules.

Listening and speaking are areas where many language learners struggle. Understanding fast speech or slang can be particularly difficult. Participating in conversations is challenging, especially when trying to keep up with native speakers. Many learners lack confidence in speaking fluently, which can hinder their progress. Real-life situations with native speakers can be overwhelming and hard to navigate.

Cultural differences can also make language learning difficult. Understanding idiomatic expressions and cultural references requires more than just language skills. Adapting to different communication styles and overcoming cultural barriers in language use can be challenging. Learners must also adjust to different social norms and etiquettes, which can be quite different from their own culture.