1. Present perfect continuous tense: "has significantly impacted" - This tense is used to describe an action that began in the past and continues to the present, emphasizing the ongoing nature of urbanization.
2. Passive voice: "are experiencing underfunding" - The use of passive voice focuses on the action (underfunding) rather than who is doing it, which is often used to describe processes or states in formal or academic contexts.
3. Relative clauses: "businesses that once thrived" - This clause provides additional information about the businesses, enhancing the detail and depth of the description.
4. Compound sentences: The answer uses compound sentences effectively to combine multiple ideas, such as the effects on local economies and essential services, which helps in conveying complex information clearly.