1. Present simple tense: "Teachers and coaches significantly impact teenagers' development" uses the present simple tense, which is effective for stating general truths and ongoing situations, adding clarity and a factual tone to the statement.
2. Gerund as subject: "overcoming challenges" and "achieving personal goals" use gerunds (verb forms used as nouns), which enrich the sentence structure by turning actions into subjects of discussion.
3. Compound sentence: The answer uses a compound sentence structure with coordinating conjunctions ("but also") to link multiple ideas smoothly, enhancing the complexity and flow of the response.