- **industrial city**: Specific type of city characterized by heavy industry.
- **infamous**: Well known for some bad quality or deed, used here to emphasize the negative reputation due to pollution.
- **pollution levels**: A measure of the amount and severity of pollutants.
- **heavy industrial activities**: Describes the intense industrial operations which are implied to be the source of pollution.
- **firsthand data**: Directly obtained data, emphasizing the authenticity and direct observation.
- **sulfur dioxide and fine particulate matter**: Specific pollutants mentioned to show detailed knowledge of the types of pollution.
- **dense smog**: Thick, visible air pollution, enhancing the imagery of severe pollution.
- **obscured by pollution**: Indicates how pollution has covered or hidden something, in this case, the sun.
- **health implications**: Refers to the effects or consequences on health due to the polluted environment.
- **sustainable practices and stricter environmental regulations**: Solutions or measures suggested to combat the issue of pollution.
- **advocate for environmental issues**: To support or argue for the protection and preservation of the environment.
- **stark, real-world example**: A clear and impactful real-life instance used to illustrate a point or issue.
These vocabulary choices are crucial as they not only describe the situation accurately but also reflect a higher level of language proficiency by using specific and technical terms related to the topic of pollution and environmental science.