Present participle as an attributive: "Being detail-oriented is a huge advantage" uses "Being detail-oriented" as a present participle phrase to describe a beneficial trait, adding detail and accuracy to the sentence.
Present participle phrase as an adverbial: In "People who pay attention to the small details," "paying attention" is used as a present participle phrase to describe the behavior habits of these people, adding description and richness of detail to the sentence.
Object clause: "recall the exact places and situations where they put their stuff" uses an object clause to explain in detail how people can remember the specific locations and situations of where items are placed, increasing the amount of information and clarity in the sentence.