Present participle phrases as subjects: "Active listening" using present participle phrases as subjects, indicates the topic of the sentence and enhances the complexity of sentence structure.
Infinitive structure: "to steer clear of criticism" using an infinitive structure to express the purpose or direction of the action, making the sentence more purposeful.
Relative clause: "that their children say" using a relative clause to modify "what," enhances the amount of information and level of detail in the sentence.
Present participle as an adjective: "showing genuine interest" using a present participle as an adjective to describe the behavior of parents, increasing the complexity and vividness of the sentence.