Using the present participle as the subject: "not littering" Using the present participle phrase "not littering" as the subject emphasizes the importance of not littering, increasing the amount and accuracy of information in the sentence.
Conditional adverb clause: "even when there is a bin within arm's reach" Using a conditional adverb clause to describe a specific situation, that even when a trash bin is close by, people still litter, adds complexity and specificity to the sentence.
Cause and effect relationship: "It drives me mad" This cause and effect sentence expresses the impact of littering behavior on the speaker, making him feel angry, emphasizing the negative impact of the behavior.