How to Deepen Your Understanding of "however"?
Using "However" Correctly in Writing
"However" is a commonly used transitional word in writing, but many learners mistakenly use a comma before it. In fact, when "however" means "nevertheless" or "yet," it functions as an adverb and cannot connect two independent clauses with just a comma.
In English, there are only three ways to connect sentences:
- Coordinating Conjunctions (commonly known as FANBOYS: For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So)
- Subordinating Conjunctions (also known as dependent clause connectors)
- Certain Punctuation Marks such as semicolons, colons, and em dashes
Since "however" functions as an adverb in this context, it should be connected using a semicolon, set apart as a separate sentence, or used in conjunction with a coordinating conjunction. Consider the following examples:
Correct Usage with a Semicolon:
- I planned to go for a run this morning; however, the pouring rain made me reconsider.
Correct Usage as a Separate Sentence:
- The restaurant was crowded and noisy. The food, however, was absolutely delicious.
Correct Usage with a Coordinating Conjunction:
- The project was challenging, and, however, we managed to complete it ahead of schedule.
Another important note: when using "however" as a separate sentence, it is advisable to use it as an interrupter to avoid confusion with its other meaning ("no matter how"). For example:
Potentially Confusing:
- The roads were almost impassable. However, we at last succeeded in reaching the camp.
Improved:
- The roads were almost impassable. At last, however, we succeeded in reaching the camp.
Distinguishing Between "But" and "However"
Both "but" and "however" indicate a contrast, but their usage differs slightly.
"But" (Conjunction) introduces a situation that contrasts with the main clause.
Example:
- I wanted to go to the party, but I had to work late.
- Here, the desire to go to the party contrasts with the obligation to work late.
"However" (Adverb) introduces another situation that contrasts with the previous sentence.
Example:
- I wanted to go to the party. However, I was too tired.
- In this case, the main sentence presents the desire to attend the party, while the following sentence introduced by "however" presents the contrasting situation of being too tired, emphasizing the difference between the two states.
Dialogue Examples
Dialogue 1:
- A: I really want to go on a road trip, but I have a lot of work to do.
- B: Yet, you could always plan it during your vacation time or weekends.
- A: Although that's true, I don't want to wait too long and miss the opportunity.
- B: However, it's important to prioritize your responsibilities and not let them interfere with your plans.
Dialogue 2:
- A: I'm not sure if I should study abroad, but it would be a great opportunity to learn a new language.
- B: Yet, you should also consider the cost and the potential challenges of living in a foreign country.
- A: Although I'm excited about the idea, I don't want to struggle financially or feel homesick.
- B: However, with proper planning and preparation, studying abroad can be a life-changing experience.
8 Alternatives to "However"
1. Nevertheless
Example: The weather was terrible; nevertheless, we decided to go for a hike.
Explanation: The weather was very bad, but despite that, we decided to go hiking.
2. Nonetheless
Example: She had little experience, but nonetheless, she was determined to succeed.
Explanation: She lacked experience, but despite that, she was determined to achieve success.
3. Yet
Example: The movie was long and slow-paced, yet it managed to captivate the audience.
Explanation: The film was lengthy and moved slowly, but despite that, it still managed to engage the audience.
4. But still
Example: He missed his flight, but still, he arrived at the meeting on time.
Explanation: He missed his flight, but despite that, he still made it to the meeting on time.
5. On the other hand
Example: The company had record profits this year. On the other hand, the employees faced pay cuts.
Explanation: The company made the highest profits ever this year. However, the employees had to deal with salary reductions.
6. Conversely
Example: The city center is noisy and crowded. Conversely, the outskirts are peaceful and quiet.
Explanation: The city center is loud and busy. In contrast, the areas outside the city are calm and quiet.
7. In contrast
Example: The first half of the book was exciting. In contrast, the second half was quite dull.
Explanation: The beginning of the book was thrilling. However, the latter part was rather boring in comparison.
8. In spite of that
Example: The car broke down on the way; in spite of that, we managed to reach our destination.
Explanation: The car had a breakdown during the trip, but despite that, we still reached our destination successfully.
